السؤال:
ما حكم زواج المرأة دون ولي؟! وهل لعقد النكاح شروط؟
الجواب: باطل كما قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "أيما امرأة نكحت بغير ولي فنكاحها باطل باطل باطل"،
لا بد من الولي،
وأول شروط عقد النكاح الولي،
ثانيا: الرضا من
الزوجين كل واحد يرضا ..،
ثالثا: الإشهاد لا نكاح إلا بولي وشاهدي عدل،
نعم.
1. Wali (guardian) of the bride
2. Consent (willful agreement) of the bride & groom
3. Witness ( 2 just witnesses )
- End -
- End -
It should be noted that some of the fuqaha’ say that publicizing the marriage is one of the conditions of it being valid,
which is not far from the truth. They gave as the reason for that the
fact that publicizing the marriage demonstrates the difference between
marriage and immoral relationships. This is supported by the words of
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):
“The difference between what is halaal and what is haraam is beating the daff and raising the voice at weddings.”
Narrated by al-Tirmidhee, 1088;
al-Nasaa’i, 3369; Ibn Maajah, 1896. Classed as hasan by Shaykh
al-Albaani in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel, 1994
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said:
There is no doubt that a marriage which is announced publicly is valid, even if it is not witnessed by two witnesses, but if it is concealed and kept secret, this is a matter concerning which there is some debate.
If there are witnesses and it is also announced publicly, this is the
marriage concerning which there is no dispute that it is valid. If there are no witnesses and it is not announced publicly, then it is invalid according to all scholars. But if there are any scholars who dispute this, they are very few.
End quote from Al-Fataawa al-Kubra, 3/191
Ibn al-Qayyim said:
The Lawgiver has stipulated four
conditions for marriage in addition to the marriage contract, in order
for there to be no suspicion of immoral conduct: it should be
publicized, there should be a walee (woman’s guardian), the woman should
not do the marriage contract herself and it is mustahabb to beat the
daff and raise voices (in song) and give a waleemah (wedding feast), because that does away with the means that may lead to immoral actions under the guise of being married.
End quote from I’laam al-Muwaqqi’een, 3/113
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
“There is no marriage without a guardian.”
Narrated by Abu Dawood (2085),
al-Tirmidhee (1101) and Ibn Maajah (1881) from the hadeeth of Abu Moosa
al-Ash’ari; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhee.
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
“Any woman who gets married
without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid, her
marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid, and if there is a dispute,
then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian.”
Narrated by Ahmad (24417), Abu Dawood
(2083) and al-Tirmidhee (1102); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in
Saheeh al-Jaami’ (2709).
في أركان النكاح وشروطِ صحَّته
السؤال:
ما هي أركانُ النكاح وشروطُ صحَّته؟ وبارك الله فيكم.
الجواب:
الحمدُ لله ربِّ العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على مَن أرسله اللهُ رحمةً للعالمين، وعلى آله وصحبه وإخوانه إلى يوم الدِّين، أمَّا بعد:
أوَّلًا: وليُّ المرأةِ شرطٌ لصحَّةِ النكاح،
ثانيًا: إذْنُ المرأةِ البالغةِ العاقلة ورضاها معتبَرٌ ـ أيضًا ـ في النكاح؛
ثالثًا: الصَّداقُ أو المهرُ شرطٌ لصحَّةِ النكاحِ سواءٌ كان مفروضًا أو مسكوتًا عنه، فإن كان الثاني فللمرأةِ مهرُ مثلها مِن النساء في طبقتها وجوبًا، وهو مذهب مالكٍ وروايةٌ عن أحمد(١١) لقوله تعالى: ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّۚ﴾ [الممتحنة: ١٠]،
رابعًا: الشهادةُ على عَقْدِ النكاح لقوله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم: «لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ»(١٥)،
فهذه هي شروطُ صِحَّةِ العقد التي يتوقَّف عليها النكاحُ وتترتَّب بتوفُّرها فيه آثارُهُ عليه، ويَبْطُلُ العقدُ بتخلُّفِ أحَدِها.
والعلمُ عند الله تعالى، وآخِرُ دعوانا أنِ الحمدُ لله ربِّ العالمين، وصلَّى الله على محمَّدٍ وعلى آله وصحبه وإخوانه إلى يوم الدِّين، وسلَّم تسليمًا.
الجزائر في: ٢٤ جمادى الأولى١٤٣٠ﻫ
الموافق ﻟ: ١٩ مايو ٢٠٠٩م
الموافق ﻟ: ١٩ مايو ٢٠٠٩م
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