The Types of Deeds in These Ten Days
First: The performance of Hajj and 'Umrah, and these are the best of deeds that may be done. And what indicates their superiority are a number of authentic narrations, one of which is the saying of the Messenger (ﷺ):
"Performance of Umrah is an expiation of the sins committed between it and the previous 'Umrah, and the reward of the Hajj which is accepted by Allaah, the Most High, is nothing except Paradise." [Bukhaaree and Muslim].
Second: Fasting during these days - as many of them as may be easy for one - especially the Day of 'Arafah. There is no doubt that the act of fasting is one of the best deeds, and it is from what Allaah, the Most High, has chosen for Himself, as in the Hadeeth Qudsee:
"Fasting is for Me, and it is I who give reward for it. Verily, someone gives up his sexual passion, his food and his drink for my sake..." [Bukhaaree, Muslim, Maalik, Tirmidhee, Nasaa'ee and Ibn Maajah]
Also, from Abu Sa'eed al-Khudree (radiyallaahu anhu), who said that the Messenger of Allaah (ﷺ) said:
"No servant (of Allaah, the Most High) fasts one day in the way of Allaah, except that Allaah, the Most High, removes his face from the fire because of it (the distance of travelling) seventy years."[narrated by Bukhaaree and Muslim]
Muslim narrates from Abu Qataadah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"Fasting the Day of Arafah will be credited with Allaah by forgiving one's (minor) sins of the previous year and the following year."
"No servant (of Allaah, the Most High) fasts one day in the way of Allaah, except that Allaah, the Most High, removes his face from the fire because of it (the distance of travelling) seventy years."[narrated by Bukhaaree and Muslim]
Muslim narrates from Abu Qataadah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"Fasting the Day of Arafah will be credited with Allaah by forgiving one's (minor) sins of the previous year and the following year."
Third: at-Takbeer
(saying: Allaahu-Akbar) and adh-Dhikr (remembrance of Allaah, the Most
High) in these days, because of the Saying of Allaah in Soorah al-Hajj
verse 28: "...And mention the name of Allaah on the appointed Days..."
This has been explained to mean the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah, and the scholars consider it desirable to increase adh-Dhikr (remembrance of Allaah Most High) in these days, because of the Hadeeth of Ibn Umar (radhi-yallaahu anhumaa) narrated by Ahmad:
"....so increase in these days the Tahleel and Takbeer and Tahmeed."
Bukhaaree stated about Ibn 'Umar and Abu Hurayrah (radhi-yallaahu 'anhumaa) that:
"...the two of them used to go out to the market place during the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah saying Allaahu-Akbar, causing the people to also say it."
Ishaaq narrates from the scholars of the Taabi'een that in these ten days they used to say:
Allaahu-Akbar, Allaahu-Akbar; Laa-ilaaha-ill-Allaah; Wallaahu-Akbar, Allaahu-Akbar; Wa-lillaahil-hamd.
It is a beloved act to raise the voice when saying the Takbeer in the markets, the houses, the streets, the masjids and other places, because of the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, in Soorah al-Hajj verse 37: "...that you may magnify Allaah for His Guidance to you..."
The saying of Takbeer in congregation, i.e., everyone pronouncing the Takbeer with one voice, is not permissible since this has not been reported to us from the early generations of the Sahaabah and those who followed their ways.
Verily the sunnah is for everyone to say the Takbeer individually. And this is applicable for all Dhikr and supplications, except if the person doesn't know what to say. In that case he may repeat after someone else until he learns (the words to be said). It is also permissible to make Dhikr with all the different wording of Takbeer (Allaahu-Akbar) and Tahmeed (al-hamdu-lillaah) and Tasbeeh (Subhaan-Allaah), and the rest of the Islaamic legislated supplications from the Qur'aan and Sunnah.
Fourth: at-Tawbah (repentance) and abstaining from disobedience and all types of sins, since forgiveness and mercy are the results of deeds.
Disobedience is the cause of being far away (from Allaah, the Most High) while obedience is the cause of being near to Allaah, the Most High, and His love.
In the Hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah (radiyallaahu anhu), he said that the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
"Verily Allaah has a sense of Ghayrah (honor, prestige; anger over its violation), and Allaah's sense of Ghayrah is provoked when a person does that which Allaah has made prohibited." [Bukhaaree and Muslim).
Fifth: Doing plenty of voluntary (Nafl) righteous deeds of worship like prayer, charity, Jihaad, reading the Qur'aan, commanding what is good and forbidding what is evil, and other deeds like this.. Verily they are of those deeds which are multiplied in these days. Because, even those deeds which are less preferred, in these days are superior and more beloved to Allaah than superior deeds done at other times - even the Jihaad which is one of the most superior of all deeds, except in the case of one whose horse is killed and his blood is spilled.
Sixth: It is legislated in these days to make at-Takbeer al-Mutlaq (saying Allahu Akbar unrestricted to specific times or form) at all times of night and day until the time of the `Eed Prayer. Also, at-Takbeer al-Muqayyid (restricted to specific times and done in a particular manner) is legislated, and it is done after the (five) obligatory prayers which are performed in congregation. This begins from Dawn (Fajr) on the Day of 'Arafah (the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah) for those not performing Hajj, and from Noon (Dhur) on the Day of Sacrifice (10th of Dhul-Hijjah) for those performing Hajj (pilgrims); and it continues until 'Asr prayer on the last day of the days of Tashreeq (13th of Dhul-Hijjah).
This has been explained to mean the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah, and the scholars consider it desirable to increase adh-Dhikr (remembrance of Allaah Most High) in these days, because of the Hadeeth of Ibn Umar (radhi-yallaahu anhumaa) narrated by Ahmad:
"....so increase in these days the Tahleel and Takbeer and Tahmeed."
Bukhaaree stated about Ibn 'Umar and Abu Hurayrah (radhi-yallaahu 'anhumaa) that:
"...the two of them used to go out to the market place during the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah saying Allaahu-Akbar, causing the people to also say it."
Ishaaq narrates from the scholars of the Taabi'een that in these ten days they used to say:
Allaahu-Akbar, Allaahu-Akbar; Laa-ilaaha-ill-Allaah; Wallaahu-Akbar, Allaahu-Akbar; Wa-lillaahil-hamd.
It is a beloved act to raise the voice when saying the Takbeer in the markets, the houses, the streets, the masjids and other places, because of the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, in Soorah al-Hajj verse 37: "...that you may magnify Allaah for His Guidance to you..."
The saying of Takbeer in congregation, i.e., everyone pronouncing the Takbeer with one voice, is not permissible since this has not been reported to us from the early generations of the Sahaabah and those who followed their ways.
Verily the sunnah is for everyone to say the Takbeer individually. And this is applicable for all Dhikr and supplications, except if the person doesn't know what to say. In that case he may repeat after someone else until he learns (the words to be said). It is also permissible to make Dhikr with all the different wording of Takbeer (Allaahu-Akbar) and Tahmeed (al-hamdu-lillaah) and Tasbeeh (Subhaan-Allaah), and the rest of the Islaamic legislated supplications from the Qur'aan and Sunnah.
Fourth: at-Tawbah (repentance) and abstaining from disobedience and all types of sins, since forgiveness and mercy are the results of deeds.
Disobedience is the cause of being far away (from Allaah, the Most High) while obedience is the cause of being near to Allaah, the Most High, and His love.
In the Hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah (radiyallaahu anhu), he said that the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
"Verily Allaah has a sense of Ghayrah (honor, prestige; anger over its violation), and Allaah's sense of Ghayrah is provoked when a person does that which Allaah has made prohibited." [Bukhaaree and Muslim).
Fifth: Doing plenty of voluntary (Nafl) righteous deeds of worship like prayer, charity, Jihaad, reading the Qur'aan, commanding what is good and forbidding what is evil, and other deeds like this.. Verily they are of those deeds which are multiplied in these days. Because, even those deeds which are less preferred, in these days are superior and more beloved to Allaah than superior deeds done at other times - even the Jihaad which is one of the most superior of all deeds, except in the case of one whose horse is killed and his blood is spilled.
Sixth: It is legislated in these days to make at-Takbeer al-Mutlaq (saying Allahu Akbar unrestricted to specific times or form) at all times of night and day until the time of the `Eed Prayer. Also, at-Takbeer al-Muqayyid (restricted to specific times and done in a particular manner) is legislated, and it is done after the (five) obligatory prayers which are performed in congregation. This begins from Dawn (Fajr) on the Day of 'Arafah (the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah) for those not performing Hajj, and from Noon (Dhur) on the Day of Sacrifice (10th of Dhul-Hijjah) for those performing Hajj (pilgrims); and it continues until 'Asr prayer on the last day of the days of Tashreeq (13th of Dhul-Hijjah).
Seventh: The
slaughtering of a sacrificial animal (Adhiyyah) is also legislated for
the Day of Sacrifice (10th day) and the Days of Tashreeq (11th, 12th and
13th). This is the Sunnah of our father Ibraheem (alayhis-salaam) -
from when Allaah, the Most High, redeemed his son by the great sacrifice
of an animal in his place. It is authenticated that the Prophet (ﷺ)
slaughtered two horned rams, black and white in color, and that he
slaughtered them with his own hands, mentioning the name of Allaah Most
High (saying Bismillaah), said Takbeer (Allaahu-Akbar), and placed his
foot on their sides (while slaughtering them).. [Reported in Bukhaaree
and Muslim]
Eighth: Sahih Muslim and others narrate from Umm Salamah (radhiyallaahu anhaa) that the Prophet Muhammad ( ﷺ) said: "If you see the Hilaal (new moon) of Dhul-Hijjah, and any one of you wants to make a sacrifice, then he should not cut (anything) from his hair and his nails." and in one narration he said: "....then he should not cut anything from his hair, nor from his nails, until he performs the sacrifice."
Eighth: Sahih Muslim and others narrate from Umm Salamah (radhiyallaahu anhaa) that the Prophet Muhammad ( ﷺ) said: "If you see the Hilaal (new moon) of Dhul-Hijjah, and any one of you wants to make a sacrifice, then he should not cut (anything) from his hair and his nails." and in one narration he said: "....then he should not cut anything from his hair, nor from his nails, until he performs the sacrifice."
Perhaps
this is because of the similarity with the one who is bringing a
sacrificial animal for slaughter (in Hajj). As Allaah Most High said: "...and do not shave your heads until the Hadee (sacrifice) reaches the place of sacrifice..." [Soorah al-Baqarah 2:196]
The apparent meaning of this prohibition is that it is particularly for the one whom the sacrifice is for, and does not include the wife or children, unless there is an individual sacrifice for one of them. There is no harm in washing the head, or scratching it, even if some hairs may fall out.
Ninth: It is incumbent for the Muslim (who is not making Hajj) to make every effort to perform the `Eed Prayer wherever it is performed, and to be present for the Khutbah and benefit. He must know the wisdom behind the legislation of this `Eed celebration. It is a day of thankfulness and performing deeds of righteousness. So, he must not make it a day of wildness, pride and vanity.
He should not make it a season of disobedience and increase in the forbidden things like music and singing, uncontrolled amusement, intoxicants and the like - those things which could cause the cancellation of the good deeds done in these ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
Tenth: After what has been mentioned, it is fitting that every Muslim, male and female, take advantage of these days by obeying Allaah, Most High, remembering Him, thanking Him, fulfilling all the obligatory duties, and staying far away from the prohibited things. He must take full advantage of this season, and the open display of Allaah's gifts to attain the pleasure of his Lord.
Surely, Allaah, the Most High, is the One who grants success, and He is the Guide to the Straight Path. And may the Blessings and Peace of Allaah, the Most High, be upon Muhammad, his family and all his companions.
The apparent meaning of this prohibition is that it is particularly for the one whom the sacrifice is for, and does not include the wife or children, unless there is an individual sacrifice for one of them. There is no harm in washing the head, or scratching it, even if some hairs may fall out.
Ninth: It is incumbent for the Muslim (who is not making Hajj) to make every effort to perform the `Eed Prayer wherever it is performed, and to be present for the Khutbah and benefit. He must know the wisdom behind the legislation of this `Eed celebration. It is a day of thankfulness and performing deeds of righteousness. So, he must not make it a day of wildness, pride and vanity.
He should not make it a season of disobedience and increase in the forbidden things like music and singing, uncontrolled amusement, intoxicants and the like - those things which could cause the cancellation of the good deeds done in these ten days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
Tenth: After what has been mentioned, it is fitting that every Muslim, male and female, take advantage of these days by obeying Allaah, Most High, remembering Him, thanking Him, fulfilling all the obligatory duties, and staying far away from the prohibited things. He must take full advantage of this season, and the open display of Allaah's gifts to attain the pleasure of his Lord.
Surely, Allaah, the Most High, is the One who grants success, and He is the Guide to the Straight Path. And may the Blessings and Peace of Allaah, the Most High, be upon Muhammad, his family and all his companions.
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